Saturday, June 30, 2007
Akhirnya.................
Alhamdulillah akhirnya penantian ibu berakhir juga setelah melihat pengumuman kemarin mengenai pengangkatan PNS tahun ini. Sebelumnya ibu adalah tenaga honorer (guru TK), jadi ibu sekarang lagi sibuk-sibuk untuk menyiapkan berkas-berkas yang diperlukan. Fathiin ucapin selamat yah Bu, semoga jadi PNS yang baik dan menjalankan tugasnya dengan penuh tanggung jawab.
Monday, June 18, 2007
Simple Queue, Memisah Bandwidth Lokal dan Internasional
Selama mengelola Mikrotik Indonesia, banyak sekali muncul pertanyaan bagaimana cara melakukan pemisahan queue untuk trafik internet internasional dan trafik ke internet Indonesia (OpenIXP dan IIX). Di internet sebetulnya sudah ada beberapa website yang menampilkan cara pemisahan ini, tapi kami akan coba menampilkan kembali sesederhana mungkin supaya mudah diikuti.
Pada artikel ini, kami mengasumsikan bahwa:
Router Mikrotik melakukan Masquerading / src-nat untuk client. Client menggunakan IP privat.
Gateway yang digunakan hanya satu, baik untuk trafik internasional maupun IIX.
Anda bisa menggunakan web-proxy internal ataupun tanpa web-proxy. Jika Anda menggunakan web-proxy, maka ada beberapa tambahan rule yang perlu dilakukan. Perhatikan bagian NAT dan MANGLE pada contoh di bawah ini. Jika ada parameter di atas yang berbeda dengan kondisi Anda di lapangan, maka konfigurasi yang ada di artikel ini harus Anda modifikasi sesuai dengan konfigurasi network Anda.
Pengaturan Dasar Berikut ini adalah diagram network dan asumsi IP Address yang akan digunakan dalam contoh ini.
Pada artikel ini, kami mengasumsikan bahwa:
Router Mikrotik melakukan Masquerading / src-nat untuk client. Client menggunakan IP privat.
Gateway yang digunakan hanya satu, baik untuk trafik internasional maupun IIX.
Anda bisa menggunakan web-proxy internal ataupun tanpa web-proxy. Jika Anda menggunakan web-proxy, maka ada beberapa tambahan rule yang perlu dilakukan. Perhatikan bagian NAT dan MANGLE pada contoh di bawah ini. Jika ada parameter di atas yang berbeda dengan kondisi Anda di lapangan, maka konfigurasi yang ada di artikel ini harus Anda modifikasi sesuai dengan konfigurasi network Anda.
Pengaturan Dasar Berikut ini adalah diagram network dan asumsi IP Address yang akan digunakan dalam contoh ini.
Untuk mempermudah pemberian contoh, kami mengupdate nama masing-masing interface sesuai dengan tugasnya masing-masing.[admin@MikroTik] > /interface pr
Flags: X - disabled, D - dynamic, R - running
# NAME TYPE RX-RATE TX-RATE MTU
0 R ether-public ether 0 0 1500
1 R ether-local ether 0 0 1500
Untuk klien, akan menggunakan blok IP 192.168.0.0/24, dan IP Address 192.168.0.1 difungsikan sebagai gateway dan dipasang pada router, interface ether-local. Klien dapat menggunakan IP Address 192.168.0-2 hingga 192.168.0.254 dengan subnet mask 255.255.255.0.
admin@MikroTik] > /ip ad pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
# ADDRESS NETWORK BROADCAST INTERFACE
0 202.0.0.1/24 202.0.0.0 202.0.0.255 ether-public
1 192.168.0.1/24 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.255 ether-local
Jangan lupa melakukan konfigurasi DNS server pada router, dan mengaktifkan fitur "allow remote request".
Karena klien menggunakan IP private, maka kita harus melakukan fungsi src-nat seperti contoh berikut.
[admin@MikroTik] > /ip fi nat pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 chain=srcnat out-interface=ether-public action=masquerade
Jika Anda menggunakan web-proxy transparan, Anda perlu menambahkan rule nat redirect, seperti terlihat pada contoh di bawah ini (rule tambahan yang tercetak tebal).
[admin@MikroTik] > /ip fi nat pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 chain=srcnat out-interface=ether-public action=masquerade
1 chain=dstnat in-interface=ether-local protocol=tcp dst-port=80 action=redirect to-ports=8080
Jangan lupa mengaktifkan fitur web-proxy, dan men-set port layanan web-proxynya, dan disesuaikan dengan port redirect pada contoh di atas.
CEK: Pastikan semua konfigurasi telah berfungsi baik. Lakukanlah ping (baik dari router maupun dari klien) ke luar network Anda secara bergantian.
Pengaturan IP Address List
Mulai Mikrotik RouterOS versi 2.9, dikenal dengan fitur yang disebut IP Address List. Fitur ini adalah pengelompokan IP Address tertentu dan setiap IP Address tersebut bisa kita namai. Kelompok ini bisa digunakan sebagai parameter dalam mangle, firewall filter, nat, ataupun queue.
Mikrotik Indonesia telah menyediakan daftar IP Address yang diadvertise di OpenIXP dan IIX, yang bisa didownload dengan bebas di URL: http://www.mikrotik.co.id/getfile.php?nf=nice.rsc
File nice.rsc ini dibuat secara otomatis di server Mikrotik Indonesia setiap pagi sekitar pk 05.30, dan merupakan data yang telah di optimasi untuk menghilangkan duplikat entry dan tumpang tindih subnet. Saat ini jumlah baris pada script tersebut berkisar 430 baris.
Contoh isi file nice.rsc :
# Script created by: Valens Riyadi @ www.mikrotik.co.id
# Generated at 26 April 2007 05:30:02 WIB ... 431 lines
/ip firewall address-list
add list=nice address="1.2.3.4"
rem [find list=nice]
add list=nice address="125.162.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="125.163.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="152.118.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="125.160.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="125.161.0.0/16"
add list=nice address="125.164.0.0/16"
.
.
dst...
Simpanlah file tersebut ke komputer Anda dengan nama nice.rsc, lalu lakukan FTP ke router Mikrotik, dan uploadlah file tersebut di router. Contoh di bawah ini adalah proses upload menggunakan MS-DOS prompt.
C:\>dir nice.
* Volume in drive C has no label.
Volume Serial Number is 5418-6EEF
Directory of C:\04/26/2007 06:42p 17,523 nice.rsc
1File(s) 17,523 bytes
0 Dir(s) 47,038,779,392 bytes free
C:\>ftp 192.168.0.1
Connected to 192.168.0.1.
220 R&D FTP server (MikroTik 2.9.39) readyUser
(192.168.0.1:(none)): admin331
Password required for adminPassword: ********
230 User admin logged in
ftp> ascii200 Type set to A
ftp> put nice.rsc
200 PORT command successful
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for '/nice.rsc'
226 ASCII transfer completeftp: 17523 bytes sent in 0.00Seconds 17523000.00Kbytes/sec.
ftp> bye
221 Closing
C:\>
Setelah file diupload, import-lah file tersebut.
[admin@MikroTik] > import nice.rsc
Opening script file nice.rsc
Script file loaded and executed successfully
Pastikan bahwa proses import telah berlangsung dengan sukses, dengan mengecek Address-List pada Menu IP - Firewall
Proses upload ini dapat juga dilakukan secara otomatis jika Anda memiliki pengetahuan scripting. Misalnya Anda membuat shell script pada Linux untuk melakukan download secara otomatis dan mengupload file secara otomatis setiap pk 06.00 pagi. Kemudian Anda tinggal membuat scheduler pada router untuk melakukan import file.
Pengaturan MangleLangkah selanjutnya adalah membuat mangle. Kita perlu membuat 1 buah connection mark dan 2 buah packet mark, masing-masing untuk trafik internasional dan lokal.
[admin@MikroTik] > /ip firewall mangle pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 chain=prerouting in-interface=ether-local
dst-address-list=nice
action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=conn-iix
passthrough=yes
1 chain=prerouting connection-mark=conn-iix
action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=packet-iix
passthrough=no
2 chain=prerouting action=mark-packet
new-packet-mark=packet-intl passthrough=no
Untuk rule #0, pastikanlah bahwa Anda memilih interface yang mengarah ke client. Untuk chain, kita menggunakan prerouting, dan untuk kedua packet-mark, kita menggunakan passthrough=no.
Jika Anda menggunakan web-proxy internal dan melakukan redirecting trafic, maka Anda membuat 2 buah rule tambahan seperti contoh di bawah ini (rule tambahan yang tercetak tebal).
Jika Anda menggunakan web-proxy internal dan melakukan redirecting trafic, maka Anda membuat 2 buah rule tambahan seperti contoh di bawah ini (rule tambahan yang tercetak tebal).
[admin@MikroTik] > /ip firewall mangle pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 chain=prerouting in-interface=ether-local
dst-address-list=nice
action=mark-connection new-connection-mark=conn-iix
passthrough=yes
1 chain=prerouting connection-mark=conn-iix
action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=packet-iix
passthrough=no
2 chain=output connection-mark=conn-iix
action=mark-packet new-packet-mark=packet-iix
passthrough=no
3 chain=prerouting action=mark-packet
new-packet-mark=packet-intl passthrough=no
4 chain=output action=mark-packet
new-packet-mark=packet-intl passthrough=no
Pengaturan Simple Queue
Untuk setiap client, kita harus membuat 2 buah rule simple queue. Pada contoh berikut ini, kita akan melakukan limitasi untuk IP client 192.168.0.2/32, dan kita akan memberikan limitasi iix (up/down) sebesar 64k/256k, dan untuk internasional sebesar (up/down) 32k/128k.
[admin@MikroTik]> /queue simple pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 name="client02-iix" target-addresses=192.168.0.2/32
dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 interface=all parent=none
packet-marks=packet-iix direction=both priority=8
queue=default-small/default-small limit-at=0/0
max-limit=64000/256000 total-queue=default-small
1 name="client02-intl" target-addresses=192.168.0.2/32
dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 interface=all parent=none
packet-marks=packet-intl direction=both priority=8
queue=default-small/default-small limit-at=0/0
max-limit=32000/128000 total-queue=default-small
Pengecekan Akhir
Setelah selesai, lakukanlah pengecekan dengan melakukan akses ke situs lokal maupun ke situs internasional, dan perhatikanlah counter baik pada firewall mangle maupun pada simple queue.
Anda juga dapat mengembangkan queue type menggunakan pcq sehingga trafik pada setiap client dapat tersebar secara merata.
Artikel From mikrotik site
Queue dengan SRC-NAT dan WEB-PROXY
Pada penggunaan queue (bandwidth limiter), penentuan CHAIN pada MENGLE sangat menentukan jalannya sebuah rule. Jika kita memasang SRC-NAT dan WEB-PROXY pada mesin yang sama, sering kali agak sulit untuk membuat rule QUEUE yang sempurna. Penjelasan detail mengenai pemilihan CHAIN, dapat dilihat pada manual Mikrotik di sini.
Percobaan yang dilakukan menggunakan sebuah PC dengan Mikrotik RouterOS versi 2.9.28. Pada mesin tersebut, digunakan 2 buah interface, satu untuk gateway yang dinamai PUBLIC dan satu lagi untuk jaringan lokal yang dinamai LAN.
[admin@instaler] > in pr
Flags: X - disabled, D - dynamic, R - running
# NAME TYPE RX-RATE TX-RATE MTU
0 R public ether 0 0 1500
1 R lan wlan 0 0 1500
Dan berikut ini adalah IP Address yang digunakan. Subnet 192.168.0.0/24 adalah subnet gateway untuk mesin ini.
[admin@instaler] > ip ad pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
# ADDRESS NETWORK BROADCAST INTERFACE
0 192.168.0.217/24 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.255 public
1 172.21.1.1/24 172.21.1.0 172.21.1.255 lan
Fitur web-proxy dengan transparan juga diaktifkan.
[admin@instaler] > ip web-proxy pr
enabled: yes
src-address: 0.0.0.0
port: 3128
hostname: "proxy"
transparent-proxy: yes
parent-proxy: 0.0.0.0:0
cache-administrator: "webmaster"
max-object-size: 4096KiB
cache-drive: system
max-cache-size: none
max-ram-cache-size: unlimited
status: running
reserved-for-cache: 0KiB
reserved-for-ram-cache: 154624KiB
Fungsi MASQUERADE diaktifkan, juga satu buah rule REDIRECTING untuk membelokkan traffic HTTP menuju ke WEB-PROXY
[admin@instaler] ip firewall nat> pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 chain=srcnat out-interface=public
src-address=172.21.1.0/24 action=masquerade
1 chain=dstnat in-interface=lan src-address=172.21.1.0/24
protocol=tcp dst-port=80 action=redirect to-ports=3128
Berikut ini adalah langkah terpenting dalam proses ini, yaitu pembuatan MANGLE. Kita akan membutuhkan 2 buah PACKET-MARK. Satu untuk paket data upstream, yang pada contoh ini kita sebut test-up. Dan satu lagi untuk paket data downstream, yang pada contoh ini kita sebut test-down.
Untuk paket data upstream, proses pembuatan manglenya cukup sederhana. Kita bisa langsung melakukannya dengan 1 buah rule, cukup dengan menggunakan parameter SRC-ADDRESS dan IN-INTERFACE. Di sini kita menggunakan chain prerouting. Paket data untuk upstream ini kita namai test-up.
Namun, untuk paket data downstream, kita membutuhkan beberapa buah rule. Karena kita menggunakan translasi IP/masquerade, kita membutuhkan Connection Mark. Pada contoh ini, kita namai test-conn.
Kemudian, kita harus membuat juga 2 buah rule. Rule yang pertama, untuk paket data downstream non HTTP yang langsung dari internet (tidak melewati proxy). Kita menggunakan chain forward, karena data mengalir melalui router.
Rule yang kedua, untuk paket data yang berasal dari WEB-PROXY. Kita menggunakan chain output, karena arus data berasal dari aplikasi internal di dalam router ke mesin di luar router.
Paket data untuk downstream pada kedua rule ini kita namai test-down.
Jangan lupa, parameter passthrough hanya diaktifkan untuk connection mark saja.
[admin@instaler] > ip firewall mangle print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 ;;; UP TRAFFIC
chain=prerouting in-interface=lan
src-address=172.21.1.0/24 action=mark-packet
new-packet-mark=test-up passthrough=no
1 ;;; CONN-MARK
chain=forward src-address=172.21.1.0/24
action=mark-connection
new-connection-mark=test-conn passthrough=yes
2 ;;; DOWN-DIRECT CONNECTION
chain=forward in-interface=public
connection-mark=test-conn action=mark-packet
new-packet-mark=test-down passthrough=no
3 ;;; DOWN-VIA PROXY
chain=output out-interface=lan
dst-address=172.21.1.0/24 action=mark-packet
new-packet-mark=test-down passthrough=no
Untuk tahap terakhir, tinggal mengkonfigurasi queue. Di sini kita menggunakan queue tree. Satu buah rule untuk data dowstream, dan satu lagi untuk upstream. Yang penting di sini, adalah pemilihan parent. Untuk downstream, kita menggunakan parent lan, sesuai dengan interface yang mengarah ke jaringan lokal, dan untuk upstream, kita menggunakan parent global-in.
[admin@instaler] > queue tree pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid
0 name="downstream" parent=lan packet-mark=test-down
limit-at=32000 queue=default priority=8
max-limit=32000 burst-limit=0
burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
1 name="upstream" parent=global-in
packet-mark=test-up limit-at=32000
queue=default priority=8
max-limit=32000 burst-limit=0
burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
Variasi lainnya, untuk bandwidth management, dimungkinkan juga kita menggunakan tipe queue PCQ, yang bisa secara otomatis membagi trafik per client.
Percobaan yang dilakukan menggunakan sebuah PC dengan Mikrotik RouterOS versi 2.9.28. Pada mesin tersebut, digunakan 2 buah interface, satu untuk gateway yang dinamai PUBLIC dan satu lagi untuk jaringan lokal yang dinamai LAN.
[admin@instaler] > in pr
Flags: X - disabled, D - dynamic, R - running
# NAME TYPE RX-RATE TX-RATE MTU
0 R public ether 0 0 1500
1 R lan wlan 0 0 1500
Dan berikut ini adalah IP Address yang digunakan. Subnet 192.168.0.0/24 adalah subnet gateway untuk mesin ini.
[admin@instaler] > ip ad pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
# ADDRESS NETWORK BROADCAST INTERFACE
0 192.168.0.217/24 192.168.0.0 192.168.0.255 public
1 172.21.1.1/24 172.21.1.0 172.21.1.255 lan
Fitur web-proxy dengan transparan juga diaktifkan.
[admin@instaler] > ip web-proxy pr
enabled: yes
src-address: 0.0.0.0
port: 3128
hostname: "proxy"
transparent-proxy: yes
parent-proxy: 0.0.0.0:0
cache-administrator: "webmaster"
max-object-size: 4096KiB
cache-drive: system
max-cache-size: none
max-ram-cache-size: unlimited
status: running
reserved-for-cache: 0KiB
reserved-for-ram-cache: 154624KiB
Fungsi MASQUERADE diaktifkan, juga satu buah rule REDIRECTING untuk membelokkan traffic HTTP menuju ke WEB-PROXY
[admin@instaler] ip firewall nat> pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 chain=srcnat out-interface=public
src-address=172.21.1.0/24 action=masquerade
1 chain=dstnat in-interface=lan src-address=172.21.1.0/24
protocol=tcp dst-port=80 action=redirect to-ports=3128
Berikut ini adalah langkah terpenting dalam proses ini, yaitu pembuatan MANGLE. Kita akan membutuhkan 2 buah PACKET-MARK. Satu untuk paket data upstream, yang pada contoh ini kita sebut test-up. Dan satu lagi untuk paket data downstream, yang pada contoh ini kita sebut test-down.
Untuk paket data upstream, proses pembuatan manglenya cukup sederhana. Kita bisa langsung melakukannya dengan 1 buah rule, cukup dengan menggunakan parameter SRC-ADDRESS dan IN-INTERFACE. Di sini kita menggunakan chain prerouting. Paket data untuk upstream ini kita namai test-up.
Namun, untuk paket data downstream, kita membutuhkan beberapa buah rule. Karena kita menggunakan translasi IP/masquerade, kita membutuhkan Connection Mark. Pada contoh ini, kita namai test-conn.
Kemudian, kita harus membuat juga 2 buah rule. Rule yang pertama, untuk paket data downstream non HTTP yang langsung dari internet (tidak melewati proxy). Kita menggunakan chain forward, karena data mengalir melalui router.
Rule yang kedua, untuk paket data yang berasal dari WEB-PROXY. Kita menggunakan chain output, karena arus data berasal dari aplikasi internal di dalam router ke mesin di luar router.
Paket data untuk downstream pada kedua rule ini kita namai test-down.
Jangan lupa, parameter passthrough hanya diaktifkan untuk connection mark saja.
[admin@instaler] > ip firewall mangle print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 ;;; UP TRAFFIC
chain=prerouting in-interface=lan
src-address=172.21.1.0/24 action=mark-packet
new-packet-mark=test-up passthrough=no
1 ;;; CONN-MARK
chain=forward src-address=172.21.1.0/24
action=mark-connection
new-connection-mark=test-conn passthrough=yes
2 ;;; DOWN-DIRECT CONNECTION
chain=forward in-interface=public
connection-mark=test-conn action=mark-packet
new-packet-mark=test-down passthrough=no
3 ;;; DOWN-VIA PROXY
chain=output out-interface=lan
dst-address=172.21.1.0/24 action=mark-packet
new-packet-mark=test-down passthrough=no
Untuk tahap terakhir, tinggal mengkonfigurasi queue. Di sini kita menggunakan queue tree. Satu buah rule untuk data dowstream, dan satu lagi untuk upstream. Yang penting di sini, adalah pemilihan parent. Untuk downstream, kita menggunakan parent lan, sesuai dengan interface yang mengarah ke jaringan lokal, dan untuk upstream, kita menggunakan parent global-in.
[admin@instaler] > queue tree pr
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid
0 name="downstream" parent=lan packet-mark=test-down
limit-at=32000 queue=default priority=8
max-limit=32000 burst-limit=0
burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
1 name="upstream" parent=global-in
packet-mark=test-up limit-at=32000
queue=default priority=8
max-limit=32000 burst-limit=0
burst-threshold=0 burst-time=0s
Variasi lainnya, untuk bandwidth management, dimungkinkan juga kita menggunakan tipe queue PCQ, yang bisa secara otomatis membagi trafik per client.
Artikel From mikrotik site
Friday, June 15, 2007
Some Miracles of the Qur’an Relating the Universe
THE MOON'S ORBIT
(HARUN YAHYA)
And We have decreed set phases for the Moon, until it ends up looking like an old date branch. It is not for the Sun to overtake the Moon nor for the night to outstrip the day; each one is swimming in a sphere. (Qur'an, 36:39-40)
The Moon does not follow a regular orbit like the satellites of other planets. As it orbits the Earth, it sometimes moves behind it and sometimes in front. As it also moves with the Earth around the Sun, it actually follows a constant pattern resembling the letter "S" in space. This route, traced by the Moon in space, is described in the Qur'an as resembling an old date branch and does indeed resemble the twisted form of the date tree branch. Indeed, the word "urjoon" employed in the Qur'an refers to a thin and twisted date branch and is used to describe that part left after the fruit has been picked. The way that this branch is described as "old" is also most appropriate since old date branches are thinner and more twisted.
There is no doubt that it was impossible for anyone to have any knowledge about the orbit of the Moon 1,400 years ago. The way that this pattern, identified by modern technology and accumulated knowledge, was revealed in the Book is yet another scientific miracle of the Qur'an.
Thursday, June 14, 2007
Some Miracles of the Qur’an Relating the Universe
THE SUN'S TRAJECTORY
(HARUN YAHYA)
It is stressed in the Qur'an that the Sun and Moon follow specific trajectories:
It is He Who created night and day and the Sun and Moon, each one swimming in a sphere. (Qur'an, 21:33)
The word "swim" in the above verse is expressed in Arabic by the word "sabaha" and is used to describe the movement of the Sun in space. The word means that the Sun does not move randomly through space but that it rotates around its axis and follows a course as it does so. The fact that the Sun is not fixed in position but rather follows a specific trajectory is also stated in another verse:
And the Sun runs to its resting place. That is the decree of the Almighty, the All-Knowing. (Qur'an, 36:38)
These facts set out in the Qur'an were only discovered by means of astronomical advances in our own time. According to astronomers' calculations, the Sun moves along a path known as the Solar Apex in the path of the star Vega at an incredible speed of 720,000 kmph (447,000 mph). In rough terms, this shows that the Sun traverses some 17.28 million km (10.74 million miles) a day. As well as the Sun itself, all the planets and satellites within its gravitational field also travel the same distance.
Some Miracles of the Qur’an Relating the Universe
ORBITS AND THE ROTATING UNIVERSE
(HARUN YAHYA)
One of the most important reasons for the great equilibrium in the universe is the fact that celestial bodies follow specific paths. Stars, planets and satellites all rotate around their own axes and also rotate together with the system of which they are a part. The universe functions within a finely-tuned order, just like the wheels in a factory.
There are more than 100 billion galaxies in the visible universe and each small galaxy contains approximately a billion stars. Furthermore, each big galaxy contains more than a trillion.(World Book Encyclopedia, 2003; contributor: Kenneth Brecher, Ph.D., Professor of Astronomy and Physics, Boston University.) Many of these stars have planets and many of those planets have satellites. All these celestial bodies follow the most finely calculated paths and orbits. For millions of years, each one has been moving in its own path in flawless harmony with all the others. In addition to these, there are also a great many comets moving along in their own pre-determined paths.
In addition, the paths in the universe are not restricted to a few celestial bodies. The Solar System and even other galaxies also exhibit considerable motion around other centres. Every year, Earth, and the Solar System with it, move some 500 million km (310 million miles) from where they were the previous year. It has been calculated that even the slightest deviation from celestial bodies' paths could have drastic consequences which might spell the end of the entire system. For example, the consequences of the Earth's deviating from its course by a mere 3 mm have been described in one source as follows:
While rotating around the sun, the earth follows such an orbit that, every 18 miles, it only deviates 2.8 millimetres from a direct course. The orbit followed by the earth never changes, because even a deviation of 3 millimetres would cause catastrophic disasters: If the deviation were 2.5 mm instead of 2.8 mm, then the orbit would be very large, and all of us would freeze. If the deviation were 3.1 mm, we would be scorched to death.(Bilim ve Teknik (Science and Technology Journal), July 1983.)
Another characteristic of heavenly bodies is that they also rotate around their own axes. The verse which reads "[I swear] by Heaven with its cyclical systems," (Qur'an, 86:11) indicates this truth. Naturally, at the time when the Qur'an was revealed, people had no telescopes with which to study bodies millions of kilometres away in space, advanced observation technology or our modern knowledge of physics and astronomy. It was therefore impossible to establish that space had "its oscillating orbits," (Qur'an, 51:7) as described in the verse. The Qur'an however, revealed at that time, provided clear information concerning that fact. This is proof that this book is indeed Allah's word.
There are more than 100 billion galaxies in the visible universe and each small galaxy contains approximately a billion stars. Furthermore, each big galaxy contains more than a trillion.(World Book Encyclopedia, 2003; contributor: Kenneth Brecher, Ph.D., Professor of Astronomy and Physics, Boston University.) Many of these stars have planets and many of those planets have satellites. All these celestial bodies follow the most finely calculated paths and orbits. For millions of years, each one has been moving in its own path in flawless harmony with all the others. In addition to these, there are also a great many comets moving along in their own pre-determined paths.
In addition, the paths in the universe are not restricted to a few celestial bodies. The Solar System and even other galaxies also exhibit considerable motion around other centres. Every year, Earth, and the Solar System with it, move some 500 million km (310 million miles) from where they were the previous year. It has been calculated that even the slightest deviation from celestial bodies' paths could have drastic consequences which might spell the end of the entire system. For example, the consequences of the Earth's deviating from its course by a mere 3 mm have been described in one source as follows:
While rotating around the sun, the earth follows such an orbit that, every 18 miles, it only deviates 2.8 millimetres from a direct course. The orbit followed by the earth never changes, because even a deviation of 3 millimetres would cause catastrophic disasters: If the deviation were 2.5 mm instead of 2.8 mm, then the orbit would be very large, and all of us would freeze. If the deviation were 3.1 mm, we would be scorched to death.(Bilim ve Teknik (Science and Technology Journal), July 1983.)
Another characteristic of heavenly bodies is that they also rotate around their own axes. The verse which reads "[I swear] by Heaven with its cyclical systems," (Qur'an, 86:11) indicates this truth. Naturally, at the time when the Qur'an was revealed, people had no telescopes with which to study bodies millions of kilometres away in space, advanced observation technology or our modern knowledge of physics and astronomy. It was therefore impossible to establish that space had "its oscillating orbits," (Qur'an, 51:7) as described in the verse. The Qur'an however, revealed at that time, provided clear information concerning that fact. This is proof that this book is indeed Allah's word.
Some Miracles of the Qur’an Relating the Universe
THE STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SUN, THE MOON AND THE STARS
( HARUN YAHYA)
We built seven firm layers above you. We installed a blazing lamp. (Qur'an, 78:12-13)
As we know, the only source of light in the Solar System is the Sun. With advances in technology, astronomers discovered that the Moon was not a source of light but that it merely reflects the light reaching it from the Sun. The expression "lamp" in the above verse is a translation of the Arabic word "siraaj," which most perfectly describes the Sun, the source of light and heat.
In the Qur'an Allah employs different words when referring to such celestial bodies as the Moon, the Sun and the stars. This is how the differences between the structures of the Sun and Moon are expressed in the Qur'an:
Don't you see how He created seven heavens in layers, and placed the Moon as a light in them and made the sun a blazing lamp? (Qur'an, 71:15-16)
In the above verse, the word "light" is used for the Moon ("noor" in Arabic) and the word "lamp" for the Sun ("siraaj" in Arabic.) The word used for the Moon refers to a light-reflecting, bright, motionless body. The word used for the Sun refers to a celestial body which is always burning, a constant source of heat and light.
On the other hand, the word "star" comes from the Arabic root "najama," meaning "appearing, emerging, visible." As in the verse below, stars are also referred to by the word "thaaqib," which is used for that which shines and pierces the darkness with light: self-consuming and burning:
It is the star that pierces through darkness! (Qur'an, 86:3)
We now know that the Moon does not emit its own light but reflects that reaching it from the Sun. We also know that the Sun and stars do emit their own light. These facts were revealed in the Qur'an in an age when mankind simply did not have the means to make scientific discoveries of their own accord. It was an age when peoples' knowledge of celestial bodies was severely restricted, to say the least. This further emphasises the miraculous nature of the book of Islam.
Don't you see how He created seven heavens in layers, and placed the Moon as a light in them and made the sun a blazing lamp? (Qur'an, 71:15-16)
In the above verse, the word "light" is used for the Moon ("noor" in Arabic) and the word "lamp" for the Sun ("siraaj" in Arabic.) The word used for the Moon refers to a light-reflecting, bright, motionless body. The word used for the Sun refers to a celestial body which is always burning, a constant source of heat and light.
On the other hand, the word "star" comes from the Arabic root "najama," meaning "appearing, emerging, visible." As in the verse below, stars are also referred to by the word "thaaqib," which is used for that which shines and pierces the darkness with light: self-consuming and burning:
It is the star that pierces through darkness! (Qur'an, 86:3)
We now know that the Moon does not emit its own light but reflects that reaching it from the Sun. We also know that the Sun and stars do emit their own light. These facts were revealed in the Qur'an in an age when mankind simply did not have the means to make scientific discoveries of their own accord. It was an age when peoples' knowledge of celestial bodies was severely restricted, to say the least. This further emphasises the miraculous nature of the book of Islam.
Selamat Ulang Tahun Ibu
Pukul 00:00:00, Selasa 12 Juni 2007 Ibuku berulang tahun yang ke-26. Hari ini hari bahagia untuk Ibu, walaupun Ayah tidak ada menemani kami disini, kami tetap berbahagia meskipun Ibu sangat menginginkan kehadiran Ayah. Ayah tak bisa datang soalnya lagi tugas di Makassar dan tidak sempat datang berkumpul bersama kami.
Ayah hanya memberi ucapan selamat ulang tahun melalui HP walaupun harus rela-rela begadang. Tepat Pukul 00:00:00 ayah menelpon tapi tidak tersambung-sambung, rupanya Ayah dikerjai oleh Ibu. Ibu sengaja mematikan HPnya sehingga Ayah agak kelabakan mau menghubungi lewat mana soalnya telepon rumah lagi rusak.
Ayah ngetik saja SMS trus dikirim ke Ibu sambil nunggu laporannya terkirim, akhirnya penantian Ayah berakhir juga, pada pukul 02:37 sms ayah terkirim dan telah diterima. Ayah buru-buru menelpon Ibu dan Ayah menyampaikan ucapan selamat ulang tahun dan sekaligus permohonan maaf buat Ibu.
Ibu sih sebenarnya ngerti kenapa Ayah tidak bisa datang, tapi dasar Ibu memang suka ngerjain Ayah (tp bukan berarti tidak hormat pada Ayah). Ayah hanya memberikan kue brownis kepada Ibu sebagai hadiah ultah, itupun sehari sebelum ultah Ibu. Fathiin hanya bisa doain ibu, semoga sehat, bahagia selalu, dan kita semua bisa menjadi sebuah keluarga yang sakinah.
Ayah tidak pernah mengadakan acara seperti orang yang ulang tahun pada umumnya, beliau mengajarkan kepada kami bagaimana di hari jadi kita, kita memperbanyak istigfhar dan berintrospeksi diri klo bisa kita lebih baik berpuasa dihari itu. Acara yang biasa dilakukan sih hanya ngumpul bersama, berdoa dan mungkin ada sedikit makan2. Kebiasaan Ayah ini juga dilakukan oleh Ibu, cuma saat ini Ayah tidak bersama kami merayakan ultah Ibu.
Ibu jangan sedih yah, Fathiin tahu dan sangat yakin Ayah ingin sekali datang berkumpul bersama kita soalnya Ayah kan sangat sayang sama kita berdua
Ayah hanya memberi ucapan selamat ulang tahun melalui HP walaupun harus rela-rela begadang. Tepat Pukul 00:00:00 ayah menelpon tapi tidak tersambung-sambung, rupanya Ayah dikerjai oleh Ibu. Ibu sengaja mematikan HPnya sehingga Ayah agak kelabakan mau menghubungi lewat mana soalnya telepon rumah lagi rusak.
Ayah ngetik saja SMS trus dikirim ke Ibu sambil nunggu laporannya terkirim, akhirnya penantian Ayah berakhir juga, pada pukul 02:37 sms ayah terkirim dan telah diterima. Ayah buru-buru menelpon Ibu dan Ayah menyampaikan ucapan selamat ulang tahun dan sekaligus permohonan maaf buat Ibu.
Ibu sih sebenarnya ngerti kenapa Ayah tidak bisa datang, tapi dasar Ibu memang suka ngerjain Ayah (tp bukan berarti tidak hormat pada Ayah). Ayah hanya memberikan kue brownis kepada Ibu sebagai hadiah ultah, itupun sehari sebelum ultah Ibu. Fathiin hanya bisa doain ibu, semoga sehat, bahagia selalu, dan kita semua bisa menjadi sebuah keluarga yang sakinah.
Ayah tidak pernah mengadakan acara seperti orang yang ulang tahun pada umumnya, beliau mengajarkan kepada kami bagaimana di hari jadi kita, kita memperbanyak istigfhar dan berintrospeksi diri klo bisa kita lebih baik berpuasa dihari itu. Acara yang biasa dilakukan sih hanya ngumpul bersama, berdoa dan mungkin ada sedikit makan2. Kebiasaan Ayah ini juga dilakukan oleh Ibu, cuma saat ini Ayah tidak bersama kami merayakan ultah Ibu.
Ibu jangan sedih yah, Fathiin tahu dan sangat yakin Ayah ingin sekali datang berkumpul bersama kita soalnya Ayah kan sangat sayang sama kita berdua
Saturday, June 9, 2007
Some Miracles of the Qur’an Relating the Universe (THE STAR SIRIUS)
HARUN YAHYAWhen certain concepts mentioned in the Qur'an are studied in the light of 21st century scientific discoveries we find ourselves imparted with yet more miracles of the Qur'an. One of these is the star Sirius, mentioned in Surat an-Najm 49:
... it is He Who is the Lord of Sirius. (Qur'an, 53: 49)
The fact that the Arabic word "shi'raa," the equivalent of the star Sirius, appears only in Surat an-Najm, meaning only "star," 49 is particularly striking. Because, considering the irregularity in the movement of Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, as their starting point, scientists discovered that it was actually a double star. Sirius is actually a set of two stars, known as Sirius A and Sirius B. The larger of these is Sirius A, which is also the closer to the Earth and the brightest star that can be seen with the naked eye. Sirius B, however, cannot be seen without a telescope.
The Sirius double stars orbit in ellipses about one another. The orbital period of Sirius A & B about their common centre of gravity is 49.9 years. This scientific data is today accepted with one accord by the departments of astronomy at Harvard, Ottawa and Leicester Universities.2 This information is reported as follows in various sources:
Sirius, the brightest star, is actually a twin star... Its orbit lasts 49.9 years.3
As is known, the stars Sirius-A and Sirius-B orbit each other in a double bow every 49.9 years.4
The point requiring attention here is the double, bow-shaped orbit of the two stars around one another.
However, this scientific fact, the accuracy of which was only realised in the late 20th century, was miraculously indicated in the Qur'an 1,400 years ago. When verses 49 and 9 of Surat an-Najm are read together, this miracle becomes apparent:
It is He Who is the Lord of Sirius. (Qur'an, 53: 49)
He was two bow-lengths away or even closer. (Qur'an, 53:9)
The description in Surat an-Najm 9 may also describe how these two stars approach one another in their orbits. (Allah knows best.) This scientific fact, that nobody could have known at the time of the revelation of the Qur'an, once again proves that the Qur'an is the word of Almighty Allah.
note :
2- Leicester edu dept of Physics & astronomy; www.star.le.ac.uk/astrosoc/whatsup/stars.html; University of Ottowa; www.site.uottawa.ca:4321/astronomy/index.html#Sirius; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~hrs/ay45/Fall2002/ChapterIVPart2.pdf
3-"Exposes Astronomiques, La troisième loi de KEPLER;" http://www.astrosurf.com/eratosthene/HTML/exposetheoastro.htm
4- http://www.dharma.com.tr/dkm/article.php?sid=87
Thursday, June 7, 2007
Some Miracles of the Qur’an Relating the Universe (Pulsars: Pulsating Star)
HARUN YAHYA[I swear] by Heaven and the Tariq! And what will convey to you what the Tariq is? The Star Piercing [the darkness]! (Qur'an, 86:1-3)
The word "Tariq," name of the Sura 86, comes from the root "tarq," whose basic meaning is that of striking hard enough to produce a sound, or hitting. Bearing in mind the word's possible meaning as "beating," "striking hard," our attention may be being drawn in this sura to an important scientific fact. Before analysing this information, let us look at the other words employed in the verse to describe these stars. The term "al-taariqi" in the above verse means a star that pierces the night, that pierces the darkness, born at night, piercing and moving on, beating, striking, or sharp star. Furthermore, the term "wa" draws attention to the things being sworn on-the heaven and the Tariq.
Through research carried out by Jocelyn Bell Burnell, at Cambridge University in 1967, a regular radio signal was identified. Until that time, however, it was not known that that there was a heavenly body that could be the source of regular pulse or beating rather like that of the heart. In 1967, however, astronomers stated that, as matter grows denser in the core as it revolves around its own axis, the star's magnetic field also grows stronger, and thus gives rise to a magnetic field at its poles 1 trillion times stronger than that of Earth. They realised that a body revolving so fast and with such a powerful magnetic field emits rays consisting of very powerful radio waves in a conic form at every revolution. Shortly afterwards, it was also realised that the source of these signals is the rapid revolution of neutron stars. These newly discovered neutron stars are known as "pulsars." These stars, which turn into pulsars through supernova explosions, are of the greatest mass, and are the brightest and fastest moving bodies in the universe. Some pulsars revolve 600 times a second. (1- "First Double Pulsar Found," January 9, 2004; www.atnf.csiro.au/news/press/double_pulsar/)
The word "pulsar" comes from the verb to pulse. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, the word means to pulsate, to beat. Encarta Dictionary defines it as to beat rhythmically, to move or throb with a strong regular rhythm. Again, according to the Encarta Dictionary, the word "pulsate," which comes from the same root, means to expand and contract with a strong regular beat.
Following that discovery, it was realised that the phenomenon described in the Qur'an as "tariq," beating, bore a great similarity to the neutron stars known as pulsars.
Neutron stars form as the nuclei of super giant stars collapse. The highly compressed and dense matter, in the form of a rapidly revolving sphere, entraps and squeezes most of the star's weight and magnetic field. The powerful magnetic field created by these rapidly revolving neutron stars has been shown to cause the emission of powerful radio waves observable on Earth.
In the third verse of Surat at-Tariq the term "al-najmu al-thaaqibu," meaning piercing, moving on, or opening holes, indicates that Tariq is a bright star that pierces a hole in the darkness and moves on. The concept of the term "adraaka" in the expression "And what will convey to you what the Tariq is?" refers to comprehension. Pulsars, formed through the compression of stars several times the size of the Sun, are among those celestial bodies that are hard to comprehend. The question in the verse emphasizes how hard it is to comprehend this beating star. (Allah knows best.)
As discussed, the stars described as Tariq in the Qur'an bear a close similarity to the pulsars described in the 20th century, and may reveal to us another scientific miracle of the Qur'an.
The word "Tariq," name of the Sura 86, comes from the root "tarq," whose basic meaning is that of striking hard enough to produce a sound, or hitting. Bearing in mind the word's possible meaning as "beating," "striking hard," our attention may be being drawn in this sura to an important scientific fact. Before analysing this information, let us look at the other words employed in the verse to describe these stars. The term "al-taariqi" in the above verse means a star that pierces the night, that pierces the darkness, born at night, piercing and moving on, beating, striking, or sharp star. Furthermore, the term "wa" draws attention to the things being sworn on-the heaven and the Tariq.
Through research carried out by Jocelyn Bell Burnell, at Cambridge University in 1967, a regular radio signal was identified. Until that time, however, it was not known that that there was a heavenly body that could be the source of regular pulse or beating rather like that of the heart. In 1967, however, astronomers stated that, as matter grows denser in the core as it revolves around its own axis, the star's magnetic field also grows stronger, and thus gives rise to a magnetic field at its poles 1 trillion times stronger than that of Earth. They realised that a body revolving so fast and with such a powerful magnetic field emits rays consisting of very powerful radio waves in a conic form at every revolution. Shortly afterwards, it was also realised that the source of these signals is the rapid revolution of neutron stars. These newly discovered neutron stars are known as "pulsars." These stars, which turn into pulsars through supernova explosions, are of the greatest mass, and are the brightest and fastest moving bodies in the universe. Some pulsars revolve 600 times a second. (1- "First Double Pulsar Found," January 9, 2004; www.atnf.csiro.au/news/press/double_pulsar/)
The word "pulsar" comes from the verb to pulse. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, the word means to pulsate, to beat. Encarta Dictionary defines it as to beat rhythmically, to move or throb with a strong regular rhythm. Again, according to the Encarta Dictionary, the word "pulsate," which comes from the same root, means to expand and contract with a strong regular beat.
Following that discovery, it was realised that the phenomenon described in the Qur'an as "tariq," beating, bore a great similarity to the neutron stars known as pulsars.
Neutron stars form as the nuclei of super giant stars collapse. The highly compressed and dense matter, in the form of a rapidly revolving sphere, entraps and squeezes most of the star's weight and magnetic field. The powerful magnetic field created by these rapidly revolving neutron stars has been shown to cause the emission of powerful radio waves observable on Earth.
In the third verse of Surat at-Tariq the term "al-najmu al-thaaqibu," meaning piercing, moving on, or opening holes, indicates that Tariq is a bright star that pierces a hole in the darkness and moves on. The concept of the term "adraaka" in the expression "And what will convey to you what the Tariq is?" refers to comprehension. Pulsars, formed through the compression of stars several times the size of the Sun, are among those celestial bodies that are hard to comprehend. The question in the verse emphasizes how hard it is to comprehend this beating star. (Allah knows best.)
As discussed, the stars described as Tariq in the Qur'an bear a close similarity to the pulsars described in the 20th century, and may reveal to us another scientific miracle of the Qur'an.
Wednesday, June 6, 2007
Some Miracles of the Qur’an Relating the Universe (Black Hole)
HARUN YAHYAThe 20th century saw a great many new discoveries regarding celestial phenomena in the universe. One of these entities, which has only recently been encountered, is the Black Hole. These are formed when a star which has consumed all its fuel collapses in on itself, eventually turning into a black hole with infinite density and zero volume and an immensely powerful magnetic field. We are unable to see black holes even with the most powerful telescope, because their gravitational pull is so strong that light is unable to escape from them. However, such a collapsed star can be perceived by means of the effect it has on the surrounding area. In Surat al-Waqi'a, Allah draws attention to this matter in this way, by swearing upon the position of stars:
And I swear by the stars' positions-and that is a mighty oath if you only knew. (Qur'an, 56:75-76)
The term "black hole" was first employed in 1969 by the American physicist John Wheeler. Previously, we imagined that we were able to see all the stars. However, it later emerged that there were stars in space whose light we were unable to perceive. Because, the light of these collapsed stars disappears. Light cannot escape from a black hole because it is such a high concentration of mass in a small space. The enormous gravitation captures even the fastest particles, i.e. the photons. For example, the final stage of a typical star, three times the mass of the Sun, ends after its burning out and its implosion as a black hole of only 20 kilometres (12.5 miles) in diameter! Black holes are "black," i.e. veiled from direct observation. They nevertheless reveal themselves indirectly, by the tremendous suction which their gravitational force exerts on other heavenly bodies. As well as depictions of the Day of Judgement, the verse below may also be pointing to this scientific discovery about black holes:
When the stars are extinguished. (Qur'an, 77:8)
Moreover, stars of great mass also cause warps to be perceived in space. Black holes, however, do not just cause warps in space but also tear holes in it. That is why these collapsed stars are known as black holes. This fact may be referred to in the verse about stars, and this is another important item of information demonstrating that the Qur'an is the word of Allah:
[I swear] by Heaven and the Tariq! And what will convey to you what the Tariq is? The Star Piercing [the darkness]! (Qur'an, 86:1-3)
And I swear by the stars' positions-and that is a mighty oath if you only knew. (Qur'an, 56:75-76)
The term "black hole" was first employed in 1969 by the American physicist John Wheeler. Previously, we imagined that we were able to see all the stars. However, it later emerged that there were stars in space whose light we were unable to perceive. Because, the light of these collapsed stars disappears. Light cannot escape from a black hole because it is such a high concentration of mass in a small space. The enormous gravitation captures even the fastest particles, i.e. the photons. For example, the final stage of a typical star, three times the mass of the Sun, ends after its burning out and its implosion as a black hole of only 20 kilometres (12.5 miles) in diameter! Black holes are "black," i.e. veiled from direct observation. They nevertheless reveal themselves indirectly, by the tremendous suction which their gravitational force exerts on other heavenly bodies. As well as depictions of the Day of Judgement, the verse below may also be pointing to this scientific discovery about black holes:
When the stars are extinguished. (Qur'an, 77:8)
Moreover, stars of great mass also cause warps to be perceived in space. Black holes, however, do not just cause warps in space but also tear holes in it. That is why these collapsed stars are known as black holes. This fact may be referred to in the verse about stars, and this is another important item of information demonstrating that the Qur'an is the word of Allah:
[I swear] by Heaven and the Tariq! And what will convey to you what the Tariq is? The Star Piercing [the darkness]! (Qur'an, 86:1-3)
The Lessons from Death
HARUN YAHYA
Life slips away second by second. Are you aware that every day brings you closer to death or that death is as close to you as it is to other people?
As we are told in the verse "Every soul shall taste death in the end; to Us shall you be brought back." (Surat al-'Ankabut: 57) everyone who has ever appeared on this earth was destined to die. Without exception they all died, every one. Today, we hardly come across the traces of many of these people who passed away. Those currently living and those who will ever live will also face death on a predestined day. Despite this fact, people tend to see death as an unlikely incident.
Think of a baby who has just opened its eyes to the world and a man who is about to breathe his last. Both had no influence on their individual birth or death whatsoever. Only God possesses the power to inspire the breath of life or to take it away.
All human beings will live until a certain day and then die; God in the Qur'an gives an account of the attitude commonly shown towards death in the following verse:
Say: "The death from which you flee will truly overtake you: then you will be sent back to the Knower of things secret and open: and He will tell you (the truth of) the things that you did!" (Surat al-Jumu'ah: 8)
The majority of people avoid thinking about death. In the rapid flow of daily events, a person usually occupies himself with totally different subjects: what college to enroll in, which company to work for, what color of clothing to wear next morning, what to cook for supper; these are the kinds of major issues that we usually consider. Life is perceived as a routine process of such minor matters. Attempts to talk about death are always interrupted by those who do not feel comfortable hearing about it. Assuming death will come only when one grows older, one does not want to concern himself with such an unpleasant subject. Yet it should be kept in mind that living for even one further hour is never guaranteed. Everyday, man witnesses the deaths of people around him but thinks little about the day when others will witness his own death. He never supposes that such an end is awaiting him!
Nevertheless, when death comes to man, all the "realities" of life suddenly vanish. No reminder of the "good old days" endures in this world. Think of everything that you are able to do right now: you can blink your eyes, move your body, speak, laugh; all these are functions of your body. Now think about the state and shape your body will assume after your death.
From the moment you breathe for the last time, you will become nothing but a "heap of flesh". Your body, silent and motionless, will be carried to the morgue. There, it will be washed for the last time. Wrapped in a shroud, your corpse will be carried in a coffin to the graveyard. Once your remains are in the grave, soil will cover you. This is the end of your story. From now on, you are simply one of the names represented in the graveyard by a marble stone.
During the first months or years, your grave will be visited frequently. As time passes, fewer people will come. Decades later, there will be no-one.
Meanwhile, your immediate family members will experience a different aspect of your death. At home, your room and bed will be empty. After the funeral, little of what belongs to you will be kept at home: most of your clothes, shoes, etc, will be given to those who need them. Your file at the public registration office will be deleted or archived. During the first years, some will mourn for you. Yet, time will work against the memories you left behind. Four or five decades later, there will remain only a few who remember you. Before long, new generations will come and none of your generation will exist any longer on earth. Whether you are remembered or not will be worthless to you.
While all this is taking place in the world, the corpse under the soil will go through a rapid process of decay. Soon after you are placed in the grave, the bacteria and insects proliferating in the corpse due to the absence of oxygen will start to function. The gasses released from these organisms will inflate the body, starting from the abdomen, altering its shape and appearance. Bloody froth will pop out the mouth and nose due to the pressure of gasses on the diaphragm. As corruption proceeds, body hair, nails, soles, and palms will fall off. Accompanying this outer alteration in the body, internal organs such as lungs, heart and liver will also decay. In the meantime, the most horrible scene takes place in the abdomen, where the skin can no longer bear the pressure of gasses and suddenly bursts, spreading an unendurably disgusting smell. Starting from the skull, muscles will detach from their particular places. Skin and soft tissues will completely disintegrate. The brain will decay and start looking like clay. This process will go on until the whole body is reduced to a skeleton.
There is no chance of going back to the old life again. Gathering around the supper table with family members, socializing or to having an honorable job will never again be possible.
In short, the "heap of flesh and bones" to which we assign an identity faces a quite nasty end. On the other hand, you - or rather, your soul - will leave this body as soon as you breathe your last. The remainder of you - your body - will become part of the soil.
Yes, but what is the reason for all these things happening?
If God willed, the body would never have decayed in such a way. That it does so actually carries a very important inner message in itself.
The tremendous end awaiting man should make him acknowledge that he is not a body himself, but a soul "encased" within a body. In other words, man has to acknowledge that he has an existence beyond his body. Furthermore, man should understand the death of his body which he tries to possess as if he is to remain eternally in this temporal world. However this body, which he deems so important, will decay and become worm-eaten one day and finally be reduced to a skeleton. That day might be very soon.
Despite all these facts, man's mental process is inclined to disregard what he does not like or want. He is even inclined to deny the existence of things he avoids confronting. This tendency seems to be most apparent when death is the issue. Only a funeral or the sudden death of an immediate family member brings this reality to mind. Almost everybody sees death far from himself. The assumption is that those who die while sleeping or in an accident are different people and what they face will never befall us! Everybody thinks it is too early to die and that there are always years ahead to live.
Yet most probably, people who die on the way to school or hurrying to attend a business meeting shared the same thought. They probably never thought that the next day's newspapers would publish news of their deaths. It is entirely possible that, as you read these lines, you still do not expect to die soon after you have finished them or even entertain the possibility that it might happen. Probably you feel that it is too early to die because there are many things to accomplish. However, this is just an avoidance of death and these are only vain endeavors to escape it:
Say: "Running away will not profit you if you are running away from death or slaughter; and even if (you do escape), no more than a brief (respite) will you be allowed to enjoy!"(Surat al-Ahzab: 16)
Man who is created alone should be aware that he will also die alone. Yet during his life, he lives almost addicted to possessions. His sole purpose in life becomes to possess more. Yet, no-one can take his goods with him to the grave. The body is buried wrapped in a shroud made from the cheapest of fabrics. The body comes into this world alone and departs from it in the same way. The only asset one can take with him when one dies is one's belief or disbelief.
As we are told in the verse "Every soul shall taste death in the end; to Us shall you be brought back." (Surat al-'Ankabut: 57) everyone who has ever appeared on this earth was destined to die. Without exception they all died, every one. Today, we hardly come across the traces of many of these people who passed away. Those currently living and those who will ever live will also face death on a predestined day. Despite this fact, people tend to see death as an unlikely incident.
Think of a baby who has just opened its eyes to the world and a man who is about to breathe his last. Both had no influence on their individual birth or death whatsoever. Only God possesses the power to inspire the breath of life or to take it away.
All human beings will live until a certain day and then die; God in the Qur'an gives an account of the attitude commonly shown towards death in the following verse:
Say: "The death from which you flee will truly overtake you: then you will be sent back to the Knower of things secret and open: and He will tell you (the truth of) the things that you did!" (Surat al-Jumu'ah: 8)
The majority of people avoid thinking about death. In the rapid flow of daily events, a person usually occupies himself with totally different subjects: what college to enroll in, which company to work for, what color of clothing to wear next morning, what to cook for supper; these are the kinds of major issues that we usually consider. Life is perceived as a routine process of such minor matters. Attempts to talk about death are always interrupted by those who do not feel comfortable hearing about it. Assuming death will come only when one grows older, one does not want to concern himself with such an unpleasant subject. Yet it should be kept in mind that living for even one further hour is never guaranteed. Everyday, man witnesses the deaths of people around him but thinks little about the day when others will witness his own death. He never supposes that such an end is awaiting him!
Nevertheless, when death comes to man, all the "realities" of life suddenly vanish. No reminder of the "good old days" endures in this world. Think of everything that you are able to do right now: you can blink your eyes, move your body, speak, laugh; all these are functions of your body. Now think about the state and shape your body will assume after your death.
From the moment you breathe for the last time, you will become nothing but a "heap of flesh". Your body, silent and motionless, will be carried to the morgue. There, it will be washed for the last time. Wrapped in a shroud, your corpse will be carried in a coffin to the graveyard. Once your remains are in the grave, soil will cover you. This is the end of your story. From now on, you are simply one of the names represented in the graveyard by a marble stone.
During the first months or years, your grave will be visited frequently. As time passes, fewer people will come. Decades later, there will be no-one.
Meanwhile, your immediate family members will experience a different aspect of your death. At home, your room and bed will be empty. After the funeral, little of what belongs to you will be kept at home: most of your clothes, shoes, etc, will be given to those who need them. Your file at the public registration office will be deleted or archived. During the first years, some will mourn for you. Yet, time will work against the memories you left behind. Four or five decades later, there will remain only a few who remember you. Before long, new generations will come and none of your generation will exist any longer on earth. Whether you are remembered or not will be worthless to you.
While all this is taking place in the world, the corpse under the soil will go through a rapid process of decay. Soon after you are placed in the grave, the bacteria and insects proliferating in the corpse due to the absence of oxygen will start to function. The gasses released from these organisms will inflate the body, starting from the abdomen, altering its shape and appearance. Bloody froth will pop out the mouth and nose due to the pressure of gasses on the diaphragm. As corruption proceeds, body hair, nails, soles, and palms will fall off. Accompanying this outer alteration in the body, internal organs such as lungs, heart and liver will also decay. In the meantime, the most horrible scene takes place in the abdomen, where the skin can no longer bear the pressure of gasses and suddenly bursts, spreading an unendurably disgusting smell. Starting from the skull, muscles will detach from their particular places. Skin and soft tissues will completely disintegrate. The brain will decay and start looking like clay. This process will go on until the whole body is reduced to a skeleton.
There is no chance of going back to the old life again. Gathering around the supper table with family members, socializing or to having an honorable job will never again be possible.
In short, the "heap of flesh and bones" to which we assign an identity faces a quite nasty end. On the other hand, you - or rather, your soul - will leave this body as soon as you breathe your last. The remainder of you - your body - will become part of the soil.
Yes, but what is the reason for all these things happening?
If God willed, the body would never have decayed in such a way. That it does so actually carries a very important inner message in itself.
The tremendous end awaiting man should make him acknowledge that he is not a body himself, but a soul "encased" within a body. In other words, man has to acknowledge that he has an existence beyond his body. Furthermore, man should understand the death of his body which he tries to possess as if he is to remain eternally in this temporal world. However this body, which he deems so important, will decay and become worm-eaten one day and finally be reduced to a skeleton. That day might be very soon.
Despite all these facts, man's mental process is inclined to disregard what he does not like or want. He is even inclined to deny the existence of things he avoids confronting. This tendency seems to be most apparent when death is the issue. Only a funeral or the sudden death of an immediate family member brings this reality to mind. Almost everybody sees death far from himself. The assumption is that those who die while sleeping or in an accident are different people and what they face will never befall us! Everybody thinks it is too early to die and that there are always years ahead to live.
Yet most probably, people who die on the way to school or hurrying to attend a business meeting shared the same thought. They probably never thought that the next day's newspapers would publish news of their deaths. It is entirely possible that, as you read these lines, you still do not expect to die soon after you have finished them or even entertain the possibility that it might happen. Probably you feel that it is too early to die because there are many things to accomplish. However, this is just an avoidance of death and these are only vain endeavors to escape it:
Say: "Running away will not profit you if you are running away from death or slaughter; and even if (you do escape), no more than a brief (respite) will you be allowed to enjoy!"(Surat al-Ahzab: 16)
Man who is created alone should be aware that he will also die alone. Yet during his life, he lives almost addicted to possessions. His sole purpose in life becomes to possess more. Yet, no-one can take his goods with him to the grave. The body is buried wrapped in a shroud made from the cheapest of fabrics. The body comes into this world alone and departs from it in the same way. The only asset one can take with him when one dies is one's belief or disbelief.
MikroTik RouterOS™
MikroTik RouterOS™ adalah sistem operasi dan perangkat lunak yang dapat digunakan untuk menjadikan komputer manjadi router network yang handal, mencakup berbagai fitur yang dibuat untuk ip network dan jaringan wireless, cocok digunakan oleh ISP dan provider hostspot.
Fitur RouterOS
Penanganan Protokol TCP/IP:
Firewall and NAT - stateful packet filtering; Peer-to-Peer protocol filtering; source and destination NAT; classification by source MAC, IP addresses, ports, protocols, protocol options, interfaces, internal marks, content, matching frequency
Routing - Static routing; Equal cost multi-path routing; Policy based routing (classification by source and destination addresses and/or by firewall mark); RIP v1 / v2, OSPF v2, BGP v4
Data Rate Management - per IP / protocol / subnet / port / firewall mark; HTB, PCQ, RED, SFQ, byte limited queue, packet limited queue; hierarchical limitation, CIR, MIR, contention ratios, dynamic client rate equalizing (PCQ)
HotSpot - HotSpot Gateway with RADIUS authentication/accounting; data rate limitation; traffic quota; real-time status information; walled-garden; customized HTML login pages; iPass support; SSL secure authentication
Point-to-Point tunneling protocols - PPTP, PPPoE and L2TP Access Concentrators and clients; PAP, CHAP, MSCHAPv1 and MSCHAPv2 authentication protocols; RADIUS authentication and accounting; MPPE encryption; compression for PPPoE; data rate limitation; PPPoE dial on demand
Simple tunnels - IPIP tunnels, EoIP (Ethernet over IP)
IPsec - IP security AH and ESP protocols; Diffie-Hellman groups 1,2,5; MD5 and SHA1 hashing algorithms; DES, 3DES, AES-128, AES-192, AES-256 encryption algorithms; Perfect Forwarding Secresy (PFS) groups 1,2,5
Web proxy - FTP, HTTP and HTTPS caching proxy server; transparent HTTP caching proxy; SOCKS protocol support; support for caching on a separate drive; access control lists; caching lists; parent proxy support
Caching DNS client - name resolving for local use; Dynamic DNS Client; local DNS cache with static entries
DHCP - DHCP server per interface; DHCP relay; DHCP client; multiple DHCP networks; static and dynamic DHCP leases
Universal Client - Transparent address translation not depending on the client's setup
VRRP - VRRP protocol for high availability
UPnP - Universal Plug-and-Play support
NTP - Network Time Protocol server and client; synchronization with GPS system
Monitoring/Accounting - IP traffic accounting, firewall actions logging
SNMP - read-only access
M3P - MikroTik Packet Packer Protocol for Wireless links and Ethernet
MNDP - MikroTik Neighbor Discovery Protocol; also supports Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Tools - ping; traceroute; bandwidth test; ping flood; telnet; SSH; packet sniffer
Layer 2 connectivity
Wireless - IEEE802.11a/b/g wireless client and Access Point; Wireless Distribution System (WDS) support; virtual AP; 40 and 104 bit WEP; access control list; authentication on RADIUS server; roaming (for wireless client); Access Point bridging
Bridge - spanning tree protocol; multiple bridge interfaces; bridge firewalling
VLAN - IEEE802.1q Virtual LAN support on Ethernet and WLAN links; multiple VLANs; VLAN bridging
Synchronous - V.35, V.24, E1/T1, X.21, DS3 (T3) media types; sync-PPP, Cisco HDLC, Frame Relay line protocols; ANSI-617d (ANDI or annex D) and Q933a (CCITT or annex A) Frame Relay LMI types
Asynchronous - serial PPP dial-in / dial-out; PAP, CHAP, MSCHAPv1 and MSCHAPv2 authentication protocols; RADIUS authentication and accounting; onboard serial ports; modem pool with up to 128 ports; dial on demand
ISDN - ISDN dial-in / dial-out; PAP, CHAP, MSCHAPv1 and MSCHAPv2 authentication protocols; RADIUS authentication and accounting; 128K bundle support; Cisco HDLC, x75i, x75ui, x75bui line protocols; dial on demand
SDSL - Single-line DSL support; line termination and network termination modes
Hardware requirements
CPU and motherboard - advanced 4th generation (core frequency 100MHz or more), 5th generation (Intel Pentium, Cyrix 6X86, AMD K5 or comparable) or newer uniprocessor Intel IA-32 (i386) compatible (multiple processors are not supported)
RAM - minimum 48 MB, maximum 1 GB; 64 MB or more recommended
Hard Drive/Flash - standard ATA interface controller and drive (SCSI and USB controllers and drives are not supported; RAID controllers that require additional drivers are not supported) with minimum of 64 MB space
Hardware needed for installation time only Depending on installation method chosen the router must have the following hardware:
Floppy-based installation - standard AT floppy controller and 3.5'' disk drive connected as the first floppy disk drive (A); AT, PS/2 or USB keyboard; VGA-compatible video controller card and monitor
CD-based installation - standard ATA/ATAPI interface controller and CD drive supporting "El Torito" bootable CDs (you might need also to check if the router's BIOS supports booting from this type of media); AT, PS/2 or USB keyboard; VGA-compatible video controller card and monitor
Floppy-based network installation - standard AT floppy controller and 3.5'' disk drive connected as the first floppy disk drive (A); PCI Ethernet network interface card supported by MikroTik RouterOS (see the Device Driver List for the list)
Full network-based installation - PCI Ethernet network interface card supported by MikroTik RouterOS (see the Device Driver List for the list) with PXE or EtherBoot extension booting ROM (you might need also to check if the router's BIOS supports booting from network)
Configuration possibilities RouterOS provides powerful command-line configuration interface. You can also manage the router through WinBox - the easy-to-use remote configuration GUI for Windows -, which provides all the benefits of the command-line interface, without the actual "command-line", which may scare novice users. Major features:
Clean and consistent user interface
Runtime configuration and monitoring
Multiple connections
User policies
Action history, undo/redo actions
safe mode operation
Scripts can be scheduled for executing at certain times, periodically, or on events. All command-line commands are supported in scripts
When router is not configured, there are only two ways to configure it:
Local terminal console - AT, PS/2 or USB keyboard and VGA-compatible video controller card with monitor
Serial console - First RS232 asynchronous serial port (usually, onboard port marked as COM1), which is by default set to 9600bit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity
After the router is configured, it may be managed through the following interfaces:
Local teminal console - AT, PS/2 or USB keyboard and VGA-compatible video controller card with monitor
Serial console - any (you may choose any one; the first, also known as COM1, is used by default) RS232 asynchronous serial port, which is by default set to 9600bit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity
Telnet - telnet server is running on 23 TCP port by default
SSH - SSH (secure shell) server is running on 22 TCP port by default (available only if security package is installed)
MAC Telnet - MikroTik MAC Telnet potocol server is by default enabled on all Ethernet-like interfaces
Winbox - Winbox is a RouterOS remote administration GUI for Windows, that use 3986 TCP port (or 3987 if security package is installed)
Fitur RouterOS
Penanganan Protokol TCP/IP:
Firewall and NAT - stateful packet filtering; Peer-to-Peer protocol filtering; source and destination NAT; classification by source MAC, IP addresses, ports, protocols, protocol options, interfaces, internal marks, content, matching frequency
Routing - Static routing; Equal cost multi-path routing; Policy based routing (classification by source and destination addresses and/or by firewall mark); RIP v1 / v2, OSPF v2, BGP v4
Data Rate Management - per IP / protocol / subnet / port / firewall mark; HTB, PCQ, RED, SFQ, byte limited queue, packet limited queue; hierarchical limitation, CIR, MIR, contention ratios, dynamic client rate equalizing (PCQ)
HotSpot - HotSpot Gateway with RADIUS authentication/accounting; data rate limitation; traffic quota; real-time status information; walled-garden; customized HTML login pages; iPass support; SSL secure authentication
Point-to-Point tunneling protocols - PPTP, PPPoE and L2TP Access Concentrators and clients; PAP, CHAP, MSCHAPv1 and MSCHAPv2 authentication protocols; RADIUS authentication and accounting; MPPE encryption; compression for PPPoE; data rate limitation; PPPoE dial on demand
Simple tunnels - IPIP tunnels, EoIP (Ethernet over IP)
IPsec - IP security AH and ESP protocols; Diffie-Hellman groups 1,2,5; MD5 and SHA1 hashing algorithms; DES, 3DES, AES-128, AES-192, AES-256 encryption algorithms; Perfect Forwarding Secresy (PFS) groups 1,2,5
Web proxy - FTP, HTTP and HTTPS caching proxy server; transparent HTTP caching proxy; SOCKS protocol support; support for caching on a separate drive; access control lists; caching lists; parent proxy support
Caching DNS client - name resolving for local use; Dynamic DNS Client; local DNS cache with static entries
DHCP - DHCP server per interface; DHCP relay; DHCP client; multiple DHCP networks; static and dynamic DHCP leases
Universal Client - Transparent address translation not depending on the client's setup
VRRP - VRRP protocol for high availability
UPnP - Universal Plug-and-Play support
NTP - Network Time Protocol server and client; synchronization with GPS system
Monitoring/Accounting - IP traffic accounting, firewall actions logging
SNMP - read-only access
M3P - MikroTik Packet Packer Protocol for Wireless links and Ethernet
MNDP - MikroTik Neighbor Discovery Protocol; also supports Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
Tools - ping; traceroute; bandwidth test; ping flood; telnet; SSH; packet sniffer
Layer 2 connectivity
Wireless - IEEE802.11a/b/g wireless client and Access Point; Wireless Distribution System (WDS) support; virtual AP; 40 and 104 bit WEP; access control list; authentication on RADIUS server; roaming (for wireless client); Access Point bridging
Bridge - spanning tree protocol; multiple bridge interfaces; bridge firewalling
VLAN - IEEE802.1q Virtual LAN support on Ethernet and WLAN links; multiple VLANs; VLAN bridging
Synchronous - V.35, V.24, E1/T1, X.21, DS3 (T3) media types; sync-PPP, Cisco HDLC, Frame Relay line protocols; ANSI-617d (ANDI or annex D) and Q933a (CCITT or annex A) Frame Relay LMI types
Asynchronous - serial PPP dial-in / dial-out; PAP, CHAP, MSCHAPv1 and MSCHAPv2 authentication protocols; RADIUS authentication and accounting; onboard serial ports; modem pool with up to 128 ports; dial on demand
ISDN - ISDN dial-in / dial-out; PAP, CHAP, MSCHAPv1 and MSCHAPv2 authentication protocols; RADIUS authentication and accounting; 128K bundle support; Cisco HDLC, x75i, x75ui, x75bui line protocols; dial on demand
SDSL - Single-line DSL support; line termination and network termination modes
Hardware requirements
CPU and motherboard - advanced 4th generation (core frequency 100MHz or more), 5th generation (Intel Pentium, Cyrix 6X86, AMD K5 or comparable) or newer uniprocessor Intel IA-32 (i386) compatible (multiple processors are not supported)
RAM - minimum 48 MB, maximum 1 GB; 64 MB or more recommended
Hard Drive/Flash - standard ATA interface controller and drive (SCSI and USB controllers and drives are not supported; RAID controllers that require additional drivers are not supported) with minimum of 64 MB space
Hardware needed for installation time only Depending on installation method chosen the router must have the following hardware:
Floppy-based installation - standard AT floppy controller and 3.5'' disk drive connected as the first floppy disk drive (A); AT, PS/2 or USB keyboard; VGA-compatible video controller card and monitor
CD-based installation - standard ATA/ATAPI interface controller and CD drive supporting "El Torito" bootable CDs (you might need also to check if the router's BIOS supports booting from this type of media); AT, PS/2 or USB keyboard; VGA-compatible video controller card and monitor
Floppy-based network installation - standard AT floppy controller and 3.5'' disk drive connected as the first floppy disk drive (A); PCI Ethernet network interface card supported by MikroTik RouterOS (see the Device Driver List for the list)
Full network-based installation - PCI Ethernet network interface card supported by MikroTik RouterOS (see the Device Driver List for the list) with PXE or EtherBoot extension booting ROM (you might need also to check if the router's BIOS supports booting from network)
Configuration possibilities RouterOS provides powerful command-line configuration interface. You can also manage the router through WinBox - the easy-to-use remote configuration GUI for Windows -, which provides all the benefits of the command-line interface, without the actual "command-line", which may scare novice users. Major features:
Clean and consistent user interface
Runtime configuration and monitoring
Multiple connections
User policies
Action history, undo/redo actions
safe mode operation
Scripts can be scheduled for executing at certain times, periodically, or on events. All command-line commands are supported in scripts
When router is not configured, there are only two ways to configure it:
Local terminal console - AT, PS/2 or USB keyboard and VGA-compatible video controller card with monitor
Serial console - First RS232 asynchronous serial port (usually, onboard port marked as COM1), which is by default set to 9600bit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity
After the router is configured, it may be managed through the following interfaces:
Local teminal console - AT, PS/2 or USB keyboard and VGA-compatible video controller card with monitor
Serial console - any (you may choose any one; the first, also known as COM1, is used by default) RS232 asynchronous serial port, which is by default set to 9600bit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity
Telnet - telnet server is running on 23 TCP port by default
SSH - SSH (secure shell) server is running on 22 TCP port by default (available only if security package is installed)
MAC Telnet - MikroTik MAC Telnet potocol server is by default enabled on all Ethernet-like interfaces
Winbox - Winbox is a RouterOS remote administration GUI for Windows, that use 3986 TCP port (or 3987 if security package is installed)
Friday, June 1, 2007
Test Free Hotspot Telkom di Anjungan Pantai Losari
Hari ini Ayah dan teman ayah yang kerja di majalah Makassar Terkini lagi mau coba free hotspot dari telkom, Tapi sebelumnya mereka berdua singgah dulu di Jakarta Foto soalnya foto pengantin Ayah dan Ibu mau di Scan dan di cetak perbesar.
Nama teman Ayah itu Anshar, dia sih tinggalnya dekat rumah juga. Mereka tiba di anjungan pantai losari tepat jam 21.00. Sesampainya disana mereka agak kebingungan mau duduk dimana soalnya di anjungan pantai losari sudah banyak orang, tidak berapa lama akhirnya mereka dapat juga tempat untuk duduk soalnya ayah mau cari tempat yang tidak terlalu ramai (takut dibilangi begaya).
Nama teman Ayah itu Anshar, dia sih tinggalnya dekat rumah juga. Mereka tiba di anjungan pantai losari tepat jam 21.00. Sesampainya disana mereka agak kebingungan mau duduk dimana soalnya di anjungan pantai losari sudah banyak orang, tidak berapa lama akhirnya mereka dapat juga tempat untuk duduk soalnya ayah mau cari tempat yang tidak terlalu ramai (takut dibilangi begaya).
Setelah menghidupkan Notebook, ayah kemudian mencoba mencari sinyal dari hotspotnya yang tidak beberapa lama langsung muncul. Ayah memilih satu dari beberapa SSID yang ada, terus secara otomatis langsung terkoneksi dengan jaringan free hotspot telkom.
Ayah langsung buka browser untuk melakukan browsing, tapi tiba-tiba yang muncul halaman web login dari telkom, jadi harus isi username dan password. Waduh mereka kesana tanpa tahu username dan password yang harus dipakai, jadinya mereka berdua kebingungan. Untungnya disana ada beberapa orang yang ikut juga menikmati koneksinya dan Ansar mengambil inisiatif untuk menanyakan username dan password yang harus digunakan.
Selama tanggal 27 Mei-30 Juni 2007 dianjungan Pantai Losari Makassar kita dapat mengakses internet dengan gratis cukup memasukkan username=makassar dan password=ultah400. Sayang yah cuma sebulan saja freenya, habis itu mesti beli krtu IVASnya telkom :).
Ayah sedikit kecewa soalnya kecepatan koneksinya tidak seperti yang diharapkan, tapi cukuplah untuk sesuatu yang gratis. Dimana-mana yang gratis itu ada batasannya :).
Selama tanggal 27 Mei-30 Juni 2007 dianjungan Pantai Losari Makassar kita dapat mengakses internet dengan gratis cukup memasukkan username=makassar dan password=ultah400. Sayang yah cuma sebulan saja freenya, habis itu mesti beli krtu IVASnya telkom :).
Ayah sedikit kecewa soalnya kecepatan koneksinya tidak seperti yang diharapkan, tapi cukuplah untuk sesuatu yang gratis. Dimana-mana yang gratis itu ada batasannya :).
Sewaktu ayah lagi asyik browsing ada beberapa orang yang datang ke Ayah nanya cara koneksinya bagaimana, dalam hati ayah berkata kirain semua yang bawa notebook tadi sudah asyik menikmati koneksi internet, ternyata cuma pada sibuk mencari cara untuk menghubungkan koneksi wirelessnya saja. Makanya prinsip "Malu Bertanya Sesat Dijalan" harus tetap dipakai.
Oh iya ini ada sedikit informasi yang dapat dipakai buat teman-teman yang mau menggunakan koneksi hotspot dari telkom di anjungan pantai losari makassar
- Untuk menggunakan fasilitas ini koneksi yang dibutuhkan adalah koneksi wireless, jadi pastikan laptop/notebook yang digunakan itu memiliki wireless
- Wireless pada notebook biasanya tidak langsung aktif, ada beberapa model notebook yang menggunakan tombol untuk mengaktifkannya, jadi pastikan dulu wireless kita sudah aktif soalnya tidak sedikit orang yang dipusingkan dengan tombol ini.
- Pastikan setting IP Address pada wireless itu pada posisi Obtain an IP address automatically, biasanya defaultnya seperti ini.
- Setelah itu View Available Wireless, trus konek pada salah satu SSID hotspot yang tersedia.
- Secara otomatis komputer kita akan terkoneksi, dan diberi alamat IP address oleh system
- Jalankan Web Browser dan buka salah satu situs, untuk pertama kali kita langsung akan di arahkan ke halaman web login free hotspot dari telkom.
- Isi Username = makassar, password=ultah400 , trus pilih saya setuju kemudian login
- Selamat menikmati koneksi internet gratis selama sebulan (klo bisa sih maunya free forever)
- Hampir lupa nih, jangan lupa nonaktifkan folder sharing kita, soalnya sekarang kita terkoneksi ke jaringan umum (publik) jadi jangan sampai data-data di komputer kita di curi, dihapus ato di ........ sama orang lain. Intinya jangan lupa amankan komputer kita masing2 soalnya penyedia hotspot tidak bertanggung jawab terhadap masalah ini.
Udah dulu yah soalnya baterai notebook ayah sudah mau habis dan lagian sekarang juga udah malam (22.45) , nanti ketahuan ibu bisa2 ayah kena marah. Ibu sih marahnya untuk kebaikan ayah karena terkadang ayah lupa untuk istirahat. Bye All
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